The World Trade Organization (WTO) rejected the 2018 tariffs implemented by then-President Donald Trump on foreign steel and aluminum in a Friday ruling that elicited pushback from the Biden administration.
Trump imposed tariffs, which are taxes on imported goods, of 25% on steel and 10% on aluminum on the grounds that importing those products threatened U.S. national security under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act.
By raising taxes on imported steel and aluminum, the Trump administration sought to protect domestic manufacturers against what it believed was global overproduction – although Canada and Mexico along with several other nations were exempted from the tariffs.
The tariffs angered U.S. allies including the European Union and Japan and led to a trade dispute at the WTO when China, Norway, Switzerland, and Turkey challenged the move.
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In its ruling, the WTO said it was “not persuaded” that the U.S. implemented the tariffs “in time of war or other emergency in international relations” that would justify the tariffs on national security grounds.
The WTO’s decision is unlikely to have much real-world impact. If the U.S. appeals the ruling, it won’t go anywhere as the WTO’s Appellate Body hasn’t functioned for three years due because the U.S. blocked the appointment of new judges.
The Biden administration also entered into agreements with the EU, Japan, and the United Kingdom that functionally eliminate the tariffs and replace them with import quotas that negate the taxes on volumes of imported steel and aluminum that fall beneath the threshold. Those trading partners dropped retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. in response to the Biden administration’s changes.
Despite having taken steps to negate the tariffs, the Biden administration took issue with the WTO’s decision and argued it overstepped its authority by ruling against tariffs based on national security concerns.
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“The United States strongly rejects the flawed interpretation and conclusions,” said Adam Hodge, spokesman for the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. “The United States has held the clear and unequivocal position, for over 70 years, that issues of national security cannot be reviewed in WTO dispute settlement.″
Hodge said the WTO “has no authority to second-guess’’ the national security decisions of member countries. His statement concluded, “The Biden administration is committed to preserving U.S. national security by ensuring the long-term viability of our steel and aluminum industries, and we do not intend to remove the Section 232 duties as a result of these disputes.”
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United Steelworkers, a trade union representing 850,000 workers, released a statement opposed to the WTO ruling that said, “U.S. actions have been effective. Section 232 relief helped to promote production, investment and job creation, while keeping America safe.”
Critics of the tariffs have argued that protectionist measures make U.S. industries less competitive. A report by the Cato Institute from last year argued the tariffs put U.S. steel consumers at a “major cost disadvantage versus their competition in Europe and elsewhere.”
The Associated Press contributed to this report.